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山顶洞人（Upper cave man）
中国华北地区旧石器时代晚期的人类化石。属晚期智人。因发现於北京市周口店龙骨山北京人遗址顶部的山顶洞而得名。1930年发现，1933～1934年中国地质调查所新生代研究室由裴文中主持进行发掘。与人类化石一起，出土了石器、骨角器和穿孔饰物，并发现了中国迄今所知最早的埋葬。地质时代为晚更新世末，据放射性碳素断代，年代为距今18865±420年。山顶洞人处于母系氏族公社时期，女性在社会生活中起主导的作用，按母系血统确立亲属关系。
中国北京郊外周口店龙骨山猿人洞中曾发现多具北京猿人化石，但在山的最顶端石钟乳洞，即山顶洞中，1933年有新人阶段的化石人骨出土。称此为山顶洞人。地质年代相当于欧洲旧石器晚期。至少为7个人体的人骨，年龄范围自新生儿至老年。其中三个头骨保存良好。根据魏敦瑞（F.Weidenreich）的主张，其中男性老人与欧洲克罗马农人相似，成年女性头骨A是美拉尼西亚人，成年女性B与爱斯基摩人相似。魏敦瑞从这一事实出发，认为远古时代人的个体差异较之今日的人种差异为大，这是由于各地方的人经过选择，而产生了今日人种的变异。现在一般多不接受这种说法，认为山顶洞人是未分化的蒙古系人种（黄色人种）。
英文介绍
Chinese North China area paleolithic period later period anthropolite.Is the later period wisdom person.Because of discovered acquires fame in the Beijing Choukoution keel mountain person from Beijing ruins crown summit hole.In 1930 discovered that, 1933~1934 year China Geological survey Cainozoic era Laboratory manages by the Pei article in carries on excavating.With the anthropolite together, the unearthed stone implement, the bone hornware and the perforation decorations, and had discovered China knew the earliest burying until now.The geological age for the end of the epipleistocene, divides into periods according to the radioactive carbon, the age for is apart from now 18865±420 year.The upper cave man is in the matriarchal clan commune time, the female in the social life the leading function, establishes the ties of relationship according to the matriarchal blood relationship.
In Beijing, China's suburb Choukoution keel mountain ape-man hole once discovered many Peking man fossil, but in the mountain most peak stalactite hole, namely in the summit hole, in 1933 had the new person stage fossil human bones to be unearthed.Called this is an upper cave man.The geological time is equal to the European paleolith later period.Is at least 7 human body human bones, the age scope from the newborn to the old age.Three skull preservation is good.According to Wei Duirui (F.Weidenreich) the position, in which masculine old person and the European gram Rome farmers are similar, adult female skull A is the beautiful Raney west Asia person, adult female B is similar with the eskimo.Wei Duirui embarks from this fact, believed ancient times time person's individual difference compared with today race difference for big, this is as a result of various places person after the choice, but has had today race's variation.Now general many does not accept this view, thought the upper cave man is undifferentiation Mongolia is the race (the yellow race).
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