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疑问代词

疑问代词

1) 疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个:

指 人: who, whom, whose

指 物: what

既可指人又可指物: which

2) 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前,没有性和数的变化,除who之外也没有格的变化。what, which, whose还可作限定词。试比较:

疑问代词:Whose are these books on the desk?

桌上的书是谁的?

What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion?

美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的?

限定词: Whose books are these on the desk?

桌上的书是谁的?

What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States? 哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国?

说明1:

无论是做疑问代词还是限定词,which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的,而which则指在一定的范围内,例如:

Which girls do you like best?

你喜欢哪几个姑娘?

What girls do you like best?

你喜欢什么样的姑娘?

说明2:

Whom是who的宾格,在书面语中,它作动词宾语或介词宾语,在口语中作宾语时,可用who代替,但在介词后只能用whom, 例如:

Who(m) did you meet on the street?

你在街上遇到了谁?(作动词宾语)

Who(m) are you taking the book to?

你要把这书带给谁?(作介词宾语,置句首)

To whom did you speak on the campus?

你在校园里和谁讲话了?(作介词宾语,置介词 后,不能用who取代。)

说明3:

疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时,过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首,现代英语中,疑问代词在句首,介词在句未,例如:

For what do most people live and work?

大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(旧文体)

What are you looking for?

你在找什么?(现代英语)

说明4:

疑问代词还可引导名词性从句,例如:

I can't make out what he is driving at.

我不知道他用意何在。

Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?

你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗?

Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.

你说的我大部分同意,但并不完全赞同。

3)疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中,疑问代词一般都放在句首,并在句中作为某一句子成分。如:

①What is this? (what作表语)这是什么?

② Which is bigger, the left one or the right one? (which作主语)哪一个大一点,左边的一个还是右边的一个?

③What are you talking about? (what作宾语)你在说什么?

④Who will go with you? (who作主语)谁和你一起去?

⑤Whom are you talking to? (whom作宾语)你在跟谁说话?

⑥Whose dictionary is this? (whose作定语)这是谁的字典?

●which表示在一定数目(或范围)之内的选择,what则没有这种限制。如:

①Which do you prefer, coffee or tea? 咖啡和茶,你喜欢喝哪种?

②What do you usually drink before dinner?

你饭前通常喝什么?

4)疑问代词可以引导主语、宾语、表语从句等。疑问代词本身在从句中担当一定的句子成分。如:

①Who will attend the meeting is still not decided.

谁出席这个会议,现在还没有决定。(疑问代词who引导一个主语从句,它本身又在从句中作主语。)

②Do you know which grade she is in?

你知道她上几年级了吗?(疑问代词which引导宾语从句,它本身在从句中作定语。)

③What he says sounds true.

他讲的话听起来很对。(疑问代词what虽然相当于all that,它引导一个主语从句,但它本身作从句的宾语。)

④What his name is remains unknown.

还没有人知道他叫什么名字。(疑问代词what引导主语从句,what在从句中作表语)

be matter with sb固定用法

1) 疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个:

指 人: who, whom, whose

指 物: what

既可指人又可指物: which

2) 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前,没有性和数的变化,除who之外也没有格的变化。what, which, whose还可作限定词。试比较:

疑问代词:Whose are these books on the desk?

桌上的书是谁的?

What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion?

美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的?

限定词: Whose books are these on the desk?

桌上的书是谁的?

What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States? 哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国?

说明1:

无论是做疑问代词还是限定词,which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的,而which则指在一定的范围内,例如:

Which girls do you like best?

你喜欢哪几个姑娘?

What girls do you like best?

你喜欢什么样的姑娘?

说明2:

Whom是who的宾格,在书面语中,它作动词宾语或介词宾语,在口语中作宾语时,可用who代替,但在介词后只能用whom, 例如:

Who(m) did you meet on the street?

你在街上遇到了谁?(作动词宾语)

Who(m) are you taking the book to?

你要把这书带给谁?(作介词宾语,置句首)

To whom did you speak on the campus?

你在校园里和谁讲话了?(作介词宾语,置介词 后,不能用who取代。)

说明3:

疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时,过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首,现代英语中,疑问代词在句首,介词在句未,例如:

For what do most people live and work?

大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(旧文体)

What are you looking for?

你在找什么?(现代英语)

说明4:

疑问代词还可引导名词性从句,例如:

I can't make out what he is driving at.

我不知道他用意何在。

Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?

你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗?

Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.

你说的我大部分同意,但并不完全赞同。

这是考你对宾语从句的理解,从句应用陈述句的语序.

could you tell me where the shop is?这句的主语是the shop ,where 是疑问副词,第一句is后置

could you tell me what's matter with him?

这句的主语是what,它才是疑问代词.

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